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Zadar (; see other names) is the 5th largest city in Croatia situated on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar County and the wider northern Dalmatian region. In the last official census of 2011 the population of Zadar was 75,082. Zadar is a historical centre of Dalmatia as well as the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar. Zadar is a city with rich history dating from prehistoric times to present days. == Etymology and historical names == The name of the city of Zadar emerged as ''Iadera'' and ''Iader'' in ancient times, but the origin of the name is older. It was most probably related to a hydrographical term, coined by an ancient Mediterranean people and their Pre-Indo-European language. They transmitted it to later settlers, the Liburnians. The name of the Liburnian settlement was first mentioned by a Greek inscription from Pharos (Stari grad) on the island of Hvar in 384 BC, where the citizens of Zadar were noted as (''Iadasinoi''). According to the Greek source Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax the city was (''Idassa''), probably a Greek transcription of the original Liburnian expression. During Antiquity the name was often recorded in sources in Latin in two forms: ''Iader'' in the inscriptions and in the writings of classic writers, ''Iadera'' predominantly among the late Antiquity writers, while usual ethnonyms were ''Iadestines'' and ''Iadertines''. The accent was on the first syllable in both Iader and Iadera forms, which influenced the early-Medieval Dalmatian language forms ''Jadra'', ''Jadera'' and ''Jadertina'', where the accent kept its original place. In the Dalmatian language, ''Jadra'' (''Jadera'') was pronounced ''Zadra'' (''Zadera''), due to the phonetic transformation of ''Ja''- to ''Za''-. That change was also reflected in the Croatian name ''Zadar'' (recorded as ''Zader'' in the 12th century 〔Adnotationes chronologicae in codice missalisaeculi XII. ap. Florianus:Fontesdomestici Vol. III, 209.〕), developed from masculine ''Zadъrъ''. An ethnonym graphic ''Jaderani'' from the legend of St. Krševan in 9th century, was identical to the initial old-Slavic form ''Zadъrane'', or Renaissance Croatian ''Zadrani''. The Dalmatian names ''Jadra'', ''Jadera'' were transferred to other languages; in the Venetian language ''Jatara'' (hyper-urbanism in the 9th century) and ''Zara'', Tuscan ''Giara'', Latin ''Diadora'' (Constantine VII in DAI, 10th century, probably an error in the transcription of ''di iadora''), Old French ''Jadres'' (Geoffroy de Villehardouin in the chronicles of the Fourth Crusade in 1202), Arabic ''Jādhara'' (جاذَرة) & ''Jādara'' (جادَرة) (Al-Idrisi, 12th century), ''Iadora'' (Guido, 12th century), Catalan ''Jazara'', ''Jara'', ''Sarra'' (14th century) and the others.〔〔M.Suić: Prošlost Zadra 1, ''Zadar u starom vijeku'', Filozofski Fakultet Zadar, 1981〕 Jadera became Zara when it fell under the authority of the Republic of Venice in the 15th century. Zara was later used by the Austrian Empire in the 19th century, but it was provisionally changed to Zadar/Zara from 1910 to 1920; from 1920〔See: Treaty of Rapallo, 1920〕 to 1947〔See: Paris Peace Treaties, 1947〕 the city became part of Italy as Zara, and finally was named ''Zadar'' in 1947. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zadar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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